Abstract
The potentially high gravimetric capacities of intermetallic anodes, coupled with the low cost and readily available materials used in sodium-ion batteries, has generated interest in antimony—an anode capable of alloying with sodium. However, presently there are few synthetic routes to antimony particles for use in sodium-ion batteries. One pot, sol-gel synthetic routes from readily available, chloride-free precursors have been developed. The resulting products have been characterized and, from this data, several key parameters’ optimization have been identified and are presented here. Finally, using this information, some initial optimization has been carried out, which resulted in minor improvements to the physical and electrochemical properties of the resulting product.
Highlights
IntroductionThere is considerable impetus to develop lithium- and sodium-ion batteries as their versatile nature and wide range of tailorable properties make them well-suited to optimization for specific applications [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]
Modern society has a strong dependence on the ability to generate, store, and manage energy, and—from transportation and portable electronic devices to stationary and grid storage—alkali metal-ion batteries have proven an attractive option in meeting these ever-increasing demands.there is considerable impetus to develop lithium- and sodium-ion batteries as their versatile nature and wide range of tailorable properties make them well-suited to optimization for specific applications [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]
There is considerable impetus to develop lithium- and sodium-ion batteries as their versatile nature and wide range of tailorable properties make them well-suited to optimization for specific applications [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]
Summary
There is considerable impetus to develop lithium- and sodium-ion batteries as their versatile nature and wide range of tailorable properties make them well-suited to optimization for specific applications [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]. While lithium-ion batteries have proven a versatile and popular choice of energy storage system, growing demand combined with the geographic constraints on lithium natural resources has generated considerable interest in developing “beyond lithium” systems. Due to the potentially achievable high gravimetric capacities, there has been interest in using intermetallic particles in negative electrodes (anodes).
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