Abstract
The basic principles of sol-gel synthesis, its advantages and disadvantages along with various applications are discussed. This technique is widely used for making semiconducting metal oxide nanoparticles such as titanium dioxide (TiO2). Depending on the titanium metal precursor type, two different approaches of sol-gel synthesis of TiO2 nanomaterials can be identified and are discussed here: (i) an alcohol-based process where the starting precursor is metal alkoxide and (ii) an aqueous-based process where the starting precursor is inorganic metal salts. The three different phases of TiO2, anatase, rutile and brookite are also discussed. Among the three, anatase is found to be more photocatalytically active than the other two phases. However, anatase was converted into rutile at low temperature; hence, the high-temperature stability of anatase TiO2 and its application as a photocatalyst which has also discussed.
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