Abstract
The scientific and technological significance and importance of the sol-gel processes are evaluated. Two methods for preparing gels in the silicate systems are described. The first method is based on gelling colloidal silica sol; the second method, on the polymerization of alkoxysilane with metal alkoxides or metal salts to produce multiccomponent noncrystalline inorganic gels with network structures. The physico-chemical principles of gelling processes are discussed in terms of various process parameters. The conversion of gel to glass is described. The structures, microstructures, phase separation and crystallization behavior of gels and gel-derived glasses are discussed in relation to the methods of gel preparation. The advantages associated with the processes are examined and evaluated. Various applications in glass technology are suggested.
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