Abstract
Cancer remains a major cause of mortality worldwide. Progresses have been made in the understanding of the molecular basis of cancer, cancer detection, and cancer treatment. Important strides by treating early-stage cancers have resulted in improved outcomes. Despite these achievements, mortality of cancer patients is high and still there is no cure. Some oncologists remain optimistic that cytotoxic chemotherapy will significantly improve cancer survival. However, notwithstanding the use of new and expensive single and more recently, combination drugs, the improvement of the response rates remains very low. In the United States, cancer death rates decreased by a mere 1.4% to 1.8% from 2004 to 2013. Compared to other serious diseases, the improvement of the cancer patient has been disappointingly lagging, and by far, most patients with advanced cancer eventually die of their disease. The need for improved cancer therapies is self-evident. This communication gives an overview of the overwhelming resurgence of solasodine and its glycosides in cancer therapy.
Highlights
BEC consists of 33% of solasonine, (22R, 25R)-spiro-5-ene-3β-yl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(l->2gal)-O-β-Dglucopyranosyl-(l->3gal)-β-D-galactopyranose], 33% solamargine (22R, 25R)spiro-5-ene-3β-yl-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(l->2glu)-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl- (l- > 4glu)-β-D-glucopyranose and 34% mono- and diglycosides of solasodine
Rhamnose conjugated to the aglycone solasodine, plays a key role in recognizing and binding to specific endogenous endocytic lectins (EELs) rhamnose binding protein (RBP) receptors
Immunotherapy is a rapidly advancing field of cancer immunology. These therapies increase the strength of the immune responses against tumors by either stimulation of the activities of specific components of the immune system or counteract signals produced by cancer cells that suppress the immune responses
Summary
Cytotoxic chemotherapy refers to agents whose mechanisms of action cause cell death or prevents cell growth and, to date remains one of the premier treatment options to combat cancer. The efficacy of chemotherapy is limited by the fact that not all tumors respond optimally. Cham ties chemotherapy with existing drugs are rarely curative. Drug-resistant tumor cells often emerge when using such therapies. Most standard chemotherapies act on all rapidly dividing normal and cancer cells and were originally identified because they kill cells in general by a process known as indiscriminate cytotoxicity. Standard chemotherapies are indiscriminate and have low safety profiles
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