Abstract
Recent developments in harnessing solar energy have transformed solar powered irrigation systems (SPIS) into a cost-effective, reliable, and environmentally sustainable alternative to conventional fossil fuel energy-based irrigation systems. This chapter reviews the current developments and future prospects for SPIS, highlighting how latest developments in solar technology have created opportunities to address energy–irrigation (groundwater) nexus challenges. It also highlights recent technological developments, including smart solar irrigation systems and real-time water monitoring. Future advances such as more refined automated water delivery and control systems might lead to more widespread adoption of SPIS. Considering Pakistan as a case study, this chapter explores adoption potential, including the different initiatives and efforts underway, concerns relating to farmer adoption, and the different strategies to ensure long-term sustainability of SPIS. We suggest that without effective regulatory control and market-based mechanisms, free solar energy can encourage groundwater over-exploitation and also impose various social and spatial externalities, unless the sustainability of water/groundwater resources is ensured.
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