Abstract
Sporadic E backscatter data have revealed two peaks of Es activity occurring asymmetrically with respect to local noon at about 0900 and 1800 hours. These peaks were shown to move from east to west at approximately the speed of the subsolar point. Analysis of vertical incidence data at or near the backscatter sites failed to reveal definite peaks of ƒoEs, corresponding to the peaks seen in the backscatter data. This leads to the conclusion that the two Es activity peaks in backscatter data represent an increase in the amount of sky area covered by a thin or diffuse type of Es. Fourier analysis of the Es backscatter data reveals 24-hr, 12-hr, and 8-hr components. Magnitudes and phase angles between the Es components and the corresponding components of the ionospheric tidal wind system are very similar and suggest that the tidal winds are the cause of the Es variation. This appears to be the first experimental confirmation of a solar tidal variation that is exclusive of the diurnal zenith angle variation of the normal E layer.
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