Abstract
In our days, it seems to us that nobody can suspect it on the importance of water and energy for the human needs. With technological advances, the energy need does not cease increasing. This problem of energy is even more sensitive in the isolated sites where the use of the traditional resources proves often very expensive. Indeed, several constraints, like the transport of fuel and the routine maintenances of the diesel engines, return the search for an essential alternative energy source for this type of sites. It summer necessary to seek other resources of energy of replacement. Renewable energies, like photovoltaic energy, wind or hydraulic, represent a replacement solution par excellence and they are used more and more in our days more especially as the national territory has one of the solar layers highest with the world. The duration of insolation can reach the 3900 hours/year on the Sahara. The energy acquired daily on a horizontal surface of 1m2 is about 5kWh, that is to say meadows of 2263kWh/m2/year in the south of the country. The photovoltaic energy utilization for pumping of water is well adapted for more the share of the arid and semi-arid areas because of the existence in these areas of an underground hydraulic potential not very major. Another very important coincidence supports the use of this type of energy for the water pumping is that the demand for water, especially in agriculture, reached its maximum in hot weather and dryness where it is precisely the moment when one has access to the maximum of solar energy. The goal to see an outline on the general composition of a photovoltaic system of pumping, as well as the theoretical elements making it possible to dimension the current pumping stations.
Highlights
Small-scale pumping is one of the most interesting uses of solar energy
The development of a reliable and reasonably priced solar pump which would be very likely within a few years - could be a blow to agriculture in the third world
Pumping in the Saharan regions is the only solution for the irrigation of agricultural land and drinking water
Summary
Small-scale pumping is one of the most interesting uses of solar energy. The main obstacles hampering the use of solar pumps on a larger scale are their high cost and the too-recent nature of this technology. The development of a reliable and reasonably priced solar pump which would be very likely within a few years - could be a blow to agriculture in the third world. Pumping in the Saharan regions is the only solution for the irrigation of agricultural land and drinking water. As a result of the field experience and the various studies carried out, irrigation by photovoltaic pumping systems is the best way for a rapid development of agriculture in the Saharan regions [1]. Particular attention should be given to this project considered strategic and this for several reasons among them: Richness of the water region at shallow depths (Pm=15m); very large area of land that can be exploited and stability of the population in isolated areas
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