Abstract
Water and energy are thoroughly linked: water is required to generate, transfer, and use the lot characteristics of energy; and energy is demanded to extract, treat, and distribute water. Shortage in clean water deems as the main challenge facing the world as a result of the escalating in the energy consumption required for desalinating the sea/brackish water which increases costs and provokes on the marine life and environment due to the high concentrate solute produced from desalination plants. Solar pond is a reservoir of water with different salt concentration implements to gather and store the incident solar energy which it can be employed later on in different thermal energy applications, such as industrialized heating process, electricity power generation, farming crop drying and cooling of houses. In this paper a short but concentrated review of the literatures that dealt with the implemented of the solar pond to illustrate succinctly the historical background for the solar ponds as well as the most word-wide established solar ponds. In addition to the theoretical background of heat and mass transfer which governed the solar pond operation is presented and discussed.
Highlights
1.1 Water desalination and energy demandWater and energy are strictly tangled; water is needed to transport and utilize all features of energy to some degree; and energy is needed for the extraction, treatment, and allocation of water, in addition to its gathering and treatment after use
In Australia, renewable energy grouping of RMIT University has been accomplished a plan by applying of solar pond which placed at Northern Victoria closely to Pyramid Hill salt workings
Salt gradient of solar pond comprise of three layers; the upper face layer is described as the convective zone (UCZ), this zone has invariable temperature closely to ambient with slight saltiness near to be fresh water
Summary
Water and energy are strictly tangled; water is needed to transport and utilize all features of energy to some degree; and energy is needed for the extraction, treatment, and allocation of water, in addition to its gathering and treatment after use. Based on the population increase, plans of developing and climate change, it has been assessed that the percentage of the globe’s population living in countries with substantial water crises will enlarge from almost 34% in 1994 to 63% in 2025, including big regions of Africa, Asia and Latin America This will influence their natural life and living [14]. In reverse osmosis membrane separation (RO); semipermeable and ion-specific membranes can be utilized to desalinize the sea-water This technology requires the difference in pressure across the membranes; the membrane process is founded on separation preferably than distillation (even though membrane distillation is able to function too). Agricultural usage, and commonly for industrialized purposes, this leakage value is satisfactory
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