Abstract
This research elucidates the process of synthesizing, characterizing, and evaluating the removal efficiency of a pioneering biomass-derived non-metal photocatalyst BM-BCN. Within this framework, an efficient one-step synthesis method is presented for generating BM-BCN. This material is produced by subjecting a blend of boric acid, citron peel powder, and melamine to pyrolysis. The BM-BCN material exhibited an optical band gap of 2.5 eV, closely resembling the property of a visible light-responsive photocatalyst. It is characterized by intricate porous structure, remarkably expansive surface area, and distinct chemical bonds, porous BM-BCN sheets present considerable benefits in terms of their photocatalytic behavior. The synthesized material showed its maximum photocatalytic performance of 98.32% when degrading indigo carmine (IC) dye under acidic pH conditions, employing 300 ppm of catalyst dosage for 10 ppm of dye concentration over a 180-minute exposure to direct sunlight, confirming the pseudo-first-order kinetics model. Additionally, this scientific study details the mechanism of IC photocatalytic decolorization. The porous BM-BCN sheets showed exceptional stability over extended cycling of 92% or higher throughout five successive iterations.
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