Abstract
The Marangoni effect (associated to salt concentration gradient) is found having an important role to enhance the salt rejection process in passive desalination technologies.
Highlights
Global warming and clean water scarcity are progressively impacting economies and societies
A 10-stage prototype achieved a solar-to-vapour conversion efficiency of 385% relying on solar heat localization and latent heat recycling
The salt rejection process is investigated by means of extensive experimental campaigns and numerical simulations
Summary
Global warming and clean water scarcity are progressively impacting economies and societies. In this context, flexible (i.e. accessible to more people), robust, efficient and stand-alone (where no moving parts are present) desalination technologies able to operate even in emergency conditions have been recently designed and studied in literature.[5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21] The attention has been mainly focused on the study and design of new nano-structured materials and smart structures able to improve the solar-to-vapour conversion and the energy management.[13,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29] In 2018 some of the authors proposed a solar passive and multistage distiller[5] able to achieve performance beyond the thermodynamic limit of a single stage device, by recovering the latent heat of condensation. It is worth noting that this coupling can be obtained by embedding the distillation device in already existing electricity power plants, avoiding additional land consumption
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