Abstract
An incipient advanced oxidation process, solar photocatalytic ozonation (SPO), is reviewed in this paper with the aim of clarifying the importance of this process as a more sustainable water technology to remove priority or emerging contaminants from water. The synergism between ozonation and photocatalytic oxidation is well known to increase the oxidation rate of water contaminants, but this has mainly been studied in photocatalytic ozonation systems with lamps of different radiation wavelength, especially of ultraviolet nature (UVC, UVB, UVA). Nowadays, process sustainability is critical in environmental technologies including water treatment and reuse; the application of SPO systems falls into this category, and contributes to saving energy and water. In this review, we summarized works published on photocatalytic ozonation where the radiation source is the Sun or simulated solar light, specifically, lamps emitting radiation to cover the UVA and visible light spectra. The main aspects of the review include photoreactors used and radiation sources applied, synthesis and characterization of catalysts applied, influence of main process variables (ozone, catalyst, and pollutant concentrations, light intensity), type of water, biodegradability and ecotoxicity, mechanism and kinetics, and finally catalyst activity and stability.
Highlights
For wastewater to be released into a natural water environment or reused for social or industrial purposes, it first passes through the classical unit operations of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP).It comes out as apparently clear water, with chemical and biochemical oxygen demand values (COD, BOD) normally below those allowed by law or by official environmental rules
In addition to pharmaceutical compounds, other important groups studied in solar photocatalytic ozonation (SPO) works are pesticides, which are recalcitrant to biological and physicochemical processes applied in classical WWTPs
Phenolic compounds, such as phenol itself or bisphenol A, a plasticizer compound that has been found in many wastewaters [75], and oxalic acid, because its oxidation directly leads to mineralization [76], are model compounds in SPO works
Summary
For wastewater to be released into a natural water environment or reused for social or industrial purposes, it first passes through the classical unit operations of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) It comes out as apparently clear water, with chemical and biochemical oxygen demand values (COD, BOD) normally below those allowed by law or by official environmental rules. These contaminants are generally due to human activities relating to agriculture, industries, or health and personal care Compounds such as pesticides, phenols, and pharmaceuticals, among others, are frequently found in the wastewater influent and effluent of WWTPs and in groundwater [1,2,3,4]. The rate constants radicals and mostperhalogenated organic compounds range from about
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