Abstract
scarcity. Underground water is mostly saline and other sources are small seasonal rivers and dams that collect rain water for sprawling population. Desalination plants can alleviate this problem to an extent. This paper examines various desalination plants, provides detailed technical discussion of Passive Vacuum Flash Type Solar Thermal technology and compares it with Concentrating Solar Desalination technology. Comprehensive levelised cost of water calculations are laid out for conventional Reverse Osmosis (RO) plant, Photovoltaic (PV) RO plant, conventional thermal Multi Effect Desalination (MED) plant and solar thermal MED plant. PVRO with cost of PKR 0.39 per gallon is the most suitable option.
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