Abstract
Melanoma, a cancer derived from melanocytes, is one of the most chemoresistant cancers and tends to metastasize. Once it metastasizes, the prognosis is poor. Even with the recent advancement of targeted therapy and immunotherapy, the prognosis remains discouraging. SR-T100, a Solanum incanum extract, shows anticancer effects against several cancers; however, its therapeutic efficacy against melanoma and established metastasis remains unknown. In this study, we showed that SR-T100 induces apoptosis, DNA damage, and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in murine B16 melanoma cells in vitro. In vivo, intralesional injection of SR-T100 decreased the tumor size of the regional melanoma in the foot pad. Moreover, intraperitoneal injection of SR-T100 inhibited the growth and the number of established melanoma metastases in the lungs. Our study highlights SR-T100 as a potential novel treatment for established tumors from regional and metastatic melanoma.
Highlights
Melanoma is one of the most debilitating human cancers
This study is the first to report that SR-T100 inhibits melanoma cells in vitro and reduces the growth of established metastatic melanoma in vivo
Intravenous injection of SR-T100 reduced tumor load of metastatic melanoma in the lung and intralesional injection of SR-T100 inhibited the growth of primary melanoma in the footpad
Summary
The annual productivity loss attributed to melanoma mortality was estimated to be $3.5 billion in the United States [1]. Less common than other skin cancers such as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC), melanoma accounts for the majority of skin cancer-related mortality due to its high propensity to metastasize. The one-year survival rate of patients with stage IV metastatic melanoma is only 41–59% [2]. Even with the advance of targeted therapy, the overall median survival of metastatic melanoma is only 13.6 months [3]. Severe drug-related adverse effects were reported in 54% of patients who received the combination immunotherapy. Emerging therapeutics for metastatic melanoma are needed to improve survival
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