SOLAMEN syndrome in a toddler

Abstract

BackgroundSegmental overgrowth, lipomatosis, arteriovenous malformation, and epidermal nevus (SOLAMEN) syndrome is a segmental overgrowth syndrome that is part of Cowden’s Syndrome, a subset of the PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome cluster. Due to SOLAMEN disease’s rarity, clinical suspicion should arise if multiple small nonspecific variably low-attenuated nodular lesions in the back, shoulders, and upper arms are present on CT, which are associated with mucocutaneous lesions. We present a rare case of SOLAMEN syndrome with widespread lipomatous growth, greater than reported in literature, with confirmed PTEN genetic testing.Case presentationWe describe a case of a 2-year-old boy with a slowly growing left neck mass since birth. Physical exam revealed macrocephaly and epidermal nevi on left axilla, arm, and fingers, appearing as pink verrucous and has visible veins on chest wall/abdomen. CT and MRI imaging showed a lipomatous hibernoma extending from the leftward neck to the abdominal cavity, encasing vascular structures form the left carotid and subclavian arteries to the diaphragmatic hiatus, in addition to the spleen and kidney. Biopsy of the left shoulder revealed hibernoma, a fatty neoplasm of benign brown fat. Patient had a resection of his left shoulder hibernoma and is currently asymptomatic, undergoing surveillance.ConclusionDue to SOMAMEN syndrome’s rarity, clinical suspicion should arise if a patient presents with multiple small-nonspecific variably low-attenuated nodular lesions on CT and mucocutaneous lesions. Ongoing monitoring should be done as there is an increased risk of cancer.