Abstract
The agricultural business that is applied to the agroforestry system in Kelimutu National Park causes differences in the quality of organic matter of plants and earthworm populations, which have consequences for soil environmental services. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the earthworm population and the quality of plant organic matter in various agroforestry systems, intensive agriculture, and secondary forests. Sampling of organic matter from plants and earthworms was carried out in January - July 2016 (in the rainy season) in Agroforestry land: Clove (AF - CK), Cocoa (AF - KK), Candlenut (AF - KM), Coffee (AF - KM) ) compared to intensive agricultural land (monoculture vegetable crops) and secondary forests (SPL-HS), with 3 times repetition. Variables observed were in addition to the number of earthworms found and biomass worms (monolith sampling), also observed the quality of plant organic matter (C (Walkley and black), N (Kjeldahl), Lignin, and Polyphenol (Goering and Van Soest)) (Quadrants). The survey results show that the population of earthworms in SPL-AF is as low as the population in SPL-HS, an average of 3 m-2, while in the SPL-PI the average is only 0.24 m-2. Earthworm biomass in AF is about 69% smaller than worms found in SPL-HS; average earthworm biomass in SPL-AF 15 gm-2 while in SPL-HS an average of 47 gm-2; and the smallest worm biomass found in SPL-PI averaging around 2.3 gm-2. The average quality of organic matter of C-org plants in all SSTs was 38% to 50%, the highest C-org content of AF-CK, AF-KP and SPL-HS were significantly different (p <0.05) with C levels that were others (39% on average). The N and lignin levels of all plant organic matter are the same (P> 0.05), the average is 1.36% and 41.13%, respectively. The C / N ratio in AF - CK and HS is the same at an average of 52.78% or 58 times higher than AF - KK, AF - KM, and AF - KP, the average is 31.11% The polyphenolic levels of different plant organic matter significant (p <0.05) between SPL. The highest levels of polyphenols were on average 17.5% found in plant organic matter AF - CK and SPL - HS, while plant organic matter in other fields averaged 3.4%. Plant organic matter with polyphenol content> 2% will slow decay.
Highlights
Indicator of soil fertility can be seen from the biological nature (Sagita et al, 2014)
According to (Giller et al, 1996) Management of agricultural land which is monoculture affects the earthworm population density of 85 m-2, but in mixed gardens as much as 150 m-2 or 56% higher (Hairiah et al, 2004, ) This is due to the diversity of plants that are planted low, so it directly affects the quality of litter which is an organic plant material (Dewi et al, 2006)
As a food source for earthworms, plant organic matter is considered important, it is quantity but the quality that can inhibit the population of earthworms. like C, N, C / N ratio, Lignin, and Polyphenol. (Setiawan, et al, 2003.) Different chemical contents allegedly can affect earthworm populations with different decomposition rates, the results can be in the form of nutrients and other mineral elements
Summary
Indicator of soil fertility can be seen from the biological nature (the presence of earthworms) (Sagita et al, 2014). The changing nature of soil biology depends on the application of the selected agricultural land management system. According to (Giller et al, 1996) Management of agricultural land which is monoculture affects the earthworm population density of 85 m-2, but in mixed gardens as much as 150 m-2 or 56% higher (Hairiah et al, 2004, ) This is due to the diversity of plants that are planted low, so it directly affects the quality of litter which is an organic plant material (Dewi et al, 2006). The fast and slow process of decomposition of plant organic matter is influenced by the C, N, C / N ratio, Lignin and Polyphenol
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