Abstract
Anthropogenic activities are one of the leading factors of soil differentiation. Significant changes in the soil cover occur as a result of the construction of quarries. The mining industry causes the complete degradation of soils in large areas, the change of the natural soil cover and elevation around the quarries, the destruction of vegetation, disturbs biodiversity of the territory and the death of ecosystems. Soil cover structures of mining quarries have been considered on the example of the Leningrad region such as a natural conditions and environmental peculiarities typical for the whole Russian North-West area. Decoding and diagnostic signs of anthropogenic transformed soils were determined. The type and degree of transformation of the component composition, the contrast and heterogeneity of the soil cover, intercomponent connections, the shape and figure of the internal organization of the of soil cover structures have been identified. The complexity of the anthropogenic transformed soils cover is illustrated by “key site”.
Highlights
Anthropogenic impact is becoming one of the leading factors in soil changes and the formation of specific forms of soil cover structure (SCS)
Human activities in the region directly or indirectly affected soils, and intercomponent genetic relationships that have developed over hundreds and thousands of years that determine the nature of SCS
The diagnostic feature of anthropogenic transformed soils formed as a result of mining is the spatial orientation of the soil cover
Summary
Anthropogenic impact is becoming one of the leading factors in soil changes and the formation of specific forms of soil cover structure (SCS). SCS is characterized by the spatial ranges of certain soils that often repeat in space, creating a stable composition and pattern of the soil cover, and stable mechanisms of geochemical and geophysical relationships between soils included in this structure [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Significant changes in SCS occur as a result of quarrying. The mining industry entails the complete destruction of soils in vast territories and a change in the natural soil cover around quarries. Leningrad region is a typical ecosystem for the North-West of the Russian Federation. This is a large agricultural region, characterized by a wide variety of soil cover structures. The state geological map shows the deposits of sand and gravel material, building sand, glass and molding sand [7]
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