Abstract
This paper deals with the valorization of waste paper fly ash (WPFA) as a binder for soil stabilization. The mineralogical characterization shows the presence of free lime, as well as some non-reactive and cementitious phases. The hydration of lime is an expansive reaction and can be problematic in soil stabilization. Therefore, to study its effect on stabilized soil, an in-house experimental set-up is proposed to measure the possible expansion. Furthermore, to study the effect of water reduction and delay time on strength, unconfined compressive strength with different mixes is conducted. The obtained results showed that using WPFA causes expansion in stabilized soil, but a delay time of 30 min, after mixing the material with water and then compacting it, can decrease the expansion. Additionally, decreasing the water content by a point of Proctor can be essential for improving the strength in soil samples, even reaching the same strength values as control samples cured at 7 days. Finally, all the results obtained in this study have shown that WPFA is a suitable material for use as a binder for soil stabilization while reducing its optimum water content, adding a proper delay time, and taking into consideration WPFA’s expansive behavior at the moment of its use.
Highlights
A sector that has been criticized over the past decade is pulp and paper manufacturing [1].This sector, other than being an intense consumer of resources, produces a large amount of waste [2].Europe is the second largest pulp and paper producer in the world, holding 25% of world production.Producing pulp and paper generates 11 million tons of waste yearly [3,4]
Ashes that are the result of exhausted gases during combustion are commonly known as waste paper fly ash (WPFA), and this is the material used in this work
The results showed that there is a minimum water content that allows the total hydration of free lime
Summary
A sector that has been criticized over the past decade is pulp and paper manufacturing [1].This sector, other than being an intense consumer of resources, produces a large amount of waste [2].Europe is the second largest pulp and paper producer in the world, holding 25% of world production.Producing pulp and paper generates 11 million tons of waste yearly [3,4]. A sector that has been criticized over the past decade is pulp and paper manufacturing [1]. This sector, other than being an intense consumer of resources, produces a large amount of waste [2]. Europe is the second largest pulp and paper producer in the world, holding 25% of world production. Producing pulp and paper generates 11 million tons of waste yearly [3,4]. 25–40% of the municipal solid waste generated each year is related to paper [5]. Waste sludge is produced that has been shown to be a valuable source of energy if being used in waste-to-energy plants. Nowadays, Europe is facing the challenge of waste management, industrial waste, due to some traditional disposals like landfills being restricted or banned
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