Abstract
The paper presents the results of a study on differentiation of the morphological structure of soil and selected physical and chemical properties of soils in toposequence of the Opalenica Plain. The study was conducted in a 1200 m long transect running through a typical soil toposequence for the Polish Lowland, and therefore the results presented in this study can be extrapolated to similar geomorphological conditions of the area. On the basis of pedological cross-section, the following soil units were distinguished: PWspgl – Albic Luvisols (Arenic) with glossic properties, PAt – Albic Glossic Retisols (Loamic), PAsp – Albic Glossic Retisols (Aric, Arenic), PAspgg – Albic Glossic Retisols (Aric, Arenic, Oxyaquic), PWsggl – Albic Luvisols (Aric, Arenic, Stagnic) with glossic properties, PWgggl – Albic Luvisols (Aric, Loamic, Stagnic) with glossic properties, CZgg – Mollic Reductigleyic Eutric Gleysols (Aric, Loamic), CFt – Fluvic Phaeozems (Aric, Arenic). Each of these units has its own specific position in toposequence but the occurrence of Fluvic Phaeozems (Aric, Arenic) are associated with geogenetic processes of Mogilnica river. In this work, using a multiple regression analysis a statistically significant relationships between the position of the soils in relief and the terrain slopes and the organic carbon content in Ap horizon, the cation exchangeable capacity, the sum of exchangeable bases and the pH were obtained. Systematic variability of most soil properties of Ap horizon have shown two distances of spatial variation. The first concerns the systematic changes in shorter distance (from 132 to 344 m) and can be associated with differences in soil properties between separate soil units. The second distance of spatial correlation ranges from 431 m to 792 m, which testify to the fact that quantitative changes in the properties of soils are realized gradually and distinctly, together with the differentiation of the slope, over several separate cartographic units.
Highlights
The hydropedologic studies of the soil distribution in relief that carried out in the Wielkopolska region in recent years have shown the existence of soil sequence along the slopes of Poznań Lakeland
Evaluation of soil distribution and determination of the relationship between the soil morphology and basic soil properties, and the soil location in a relief within the ground moraine plains of Opalenica Lakeland Poznan permits drawing the following conclusions: 1. The analysis of soil toposequence of Opalenica Plain showed that Retisols dominate over Luvisols
High correlation between the location of the soil in a relief or terrain slopes and the thickness of Ap horizon and the organic carbon content indicates a link between these characteristics with the toposequential system
Summary
The hydropedologic studies of the soil distribution in relief that carried out in the Wielkopolska region in recent years have shown the existence of soil sequence along the slopes of Poznań Lakeland. This sequence is intertwined with all soil-forming processes occurring on the slopes [Głazowska 1981, Hall 1983, Marcinek and Wiślańska 1984, Marcinek et al 1990, 1994 a, 1994 b, 1998, Marcinek and Komisarek 1991, 2000, Milne 1936, Szafrański 1993, Spychalski 1998, Komisarek 2000]. Quantification of the spatial variability of soil basic properties in atoposequence allows a quantitative description of their pedogenesis in relation to soil-forming factors, and the differentiation of cartographic or taxonomic units [Marcinek et al 1998].
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