Soil physical conditions of the root zone layer and the performance of winter games' pitches

Abstract

Abstract. The performances of 16 different sand and sand‐soil root zone constructions were examined during three seasons of simulated football‐type wear. Water infiltration rates were controlled mainly by the percentage of sand in the rooting matrix although the type of sand also had a strong effect in the pure sand root zones. Even mixes with 91% sand had poor infiltration after two seasons of wear and suffered from occasional ponding after heavy rain. Pure sand root zones and high‐specification sand‐soil mixes had better grass retention and a firmer surface in wet weather than root zone material with sand contents < 90%. Traction values for the different root zone materials were similar, except for a pure sand construction based on a coarse 0.25–1.0 mm diameter sand. However, pure sand constructions can become unstable, particularly in dry conditions if the ground cover is less than 20%. Strategies for the use of sand amelioration and pure sand root zones are discussed in relation to the demands of particular user groups.