Abstract
ABSTRACT The soil management system affects physical attributes, and the forward sowing speed can increase or decrease its results. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate management systems before and after soil mobilisation and forward sowing speed on soil physical attributes. Thus, an experiment was conduct in a completely randomized block design with four replications and six soil management systems: no tillage (NT), medium harrowing (MH), subsoiling operation (S), subsoiling and medium harrowing operations (S+MH), cross-subsoiling and medium harrowing (S+MH), and ploughing and two medium harrowing (P+2MH), and four forward sowing speeds: 3.1, 5.1, 5.8, and 7.9 km h−1, applied in the subplots. Soil management affects soil penetration resistance (PR) values, pointing out the highest PR occurring in no-tillage beyond critical limits. Soil bulk density (sD) is affected by management and forward sowing speeds. The medium harrowing operation has higher sD and the ideal forward sowing speed range to mitigate this effect would be 5.0 to 7.0 km h−1. Moreover, it also presents a higher amount of macropores in the 0.20–0.30 m layer. Management system without soil mobilisation favours an increase in soil microporosity, and the use of subsoiler as tillage equipment should be carried out at slower speeds to favour the increased micropores.
Highlights
Understanding the effects of soil management systems on soil quality indicators is essential to improve soil quality attributes
No-tillage soil management system keeps the straw of the previous crop on the soil, provides a higher percentage of soil coverage, enabling an increase in water infiltration, increases soil retention moisture, as well as improves yield (Freitas et al, 2017)
The adoption of less conservationist practices can lead to an increase in soil bulk density and a decrease in macroporosity and total porosity, among other damages that can affect soil and crop attributes (Freitas et al, 2017), which are the main attributes indicated to evaluate soil management systems
Summary
Understanding the effects of soil management systems on soil quality indicators is essential to improve soil quality attributes. Soil management systems aim to establish adequate soil conditions in order to increase crop yield (Bünemann et al, 2018). Soil management system under direct sowing has been increasing the farming area over the years due to the ability to ease farming, erosion reduction, and soil leaching. The adoption of less conservationist practices can lead to an increase in soil bulk density and a decrease in macroporosity and total porosity, among other damages that can affect soil and crop attributes (Freitas et al, 2017), which are the main attributes indicated to evaluate soil management systems
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