Soil phosphorus forms and their variations in selected paddy soils of Iran

Abstract

Fractionation of soil phosphorus (P) can provide useful information for assessing the risk of soil P as the potential sources of eutrophication in aquatic systems. Little information exists on P forms in paddy soils of Isfahan Province in central Iran, where P fertilizers have been continuously applied for at least 45years. The objectives of this study were to investigate concentrations and proportions of P forms in paddy soils and correlate the content of P forms with basic soil properties. Soil samples from three paddy sites were obtained, and soil P forms were determined by a modified Hedley fraction method. Results show that the total P concentrations ranged from 288 to 850mgkg(-1) and were enriched in site 1. In all sites, the rank order of P fractions was HCl-P (CARB-P) > residual-P (RES-P) > NaOH-P (Fe-Al-P) > KCl-P (EXCH-P), indicating that Ca compounds are the main soil components contributing to P retention in these calcareous paddy soils. The EXCH-P represented on average < 1% of the total P, while the Fe-Al-P ranged 3.3-18%. The CARB-P showed considerable contribution (63.6-85.6%) to the total P. The Pearson correlation matrix indicated that Fe-Al-P only was positively correlated with total P, but did not show any significant correlations with other soil geochemical properties. Calcium-bound P fraction was significantly correlated with the clay, silt, cation exchange capacity, and total P.