Soil Phosphorus and Corn Development Under Application of Phosphate Sources

Paulo Fernandes Boldrin,Vinícius De Mello Benites,Rose Luiza Moraes Tavares,June Faria Scherrer Menezes,Ana Carollina Pereira Dos Reis,Veridiana Cardozo Gonçalves Cantão

doi:10.5539/jas.v13n9p61

Paulo Fernandes Boldrin, Vinícius De Mello Benites + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v13n9p61

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Abstract

Knowledge of the solubility of phosphate fertilizers is fundamental for phosphorus (P) recommendation management and for choosing the laboratory evaluation method of nutrient availability in the soil according to the history of fertilization. The aim was to evaluate the initial development of corn plants as a function of the application of triple superphosphate (TSP) and natural phosphate of Arraias (NPA) with and without liming and incubation time, as well as to evaluate the available P in the soil with the use the extractors Mehlich-1 and Mehlich-3. An experiment was installed in an 8 &times; 3 &times; 2 factorial scheme, being 8 fertilizer incubation times (180, 140, 100, 80, 60, 40, 20, 0 day(s) before planting), 3 P sources (control&mdash;without P, TSP and NPA) and 2 refers to the application of limestone (with and without limestone). Were evaluated the shoot and root dry matter, analysis of P, Ca, Mg, and Zn in shoot and P in roots. In the soil, P levels were determined by Mehlich-1 and Mehlich-3 extractors. There was a greater accumulation of P with the application of TSP with limestone in all incubation times. The application of the NPA allowed a greater accumulation of P in the plants without the application of lime. The previous incubation of the NPA did not favor the efficiency of this source, neither in the soil with corrected acidity nor in the soil with its original acidity. Mehlich-3 proved to be adequate to determine the phosphorus content in soil fertilized by NPA.

Highlights

Managing the application of phosphate fertilizers and determining the availability of phosphorus (P) in the soil requires technical knowledge and attention from professionals in the agricultural sector
The first factor referring to 8 fertilizer incubation times before planting (180, 140, 100, 80, 60, 40, 20, 0 day (s) before planting), the second factor refers to the sources of P and the third factor refers to the application of limestone
For the variables shoot dry matter (SDM) (Figure 1A) and total dry matter (TDM) (Figure 1B), it was observed that the plants that received the triple superphosphate (TSP), regardless of the presence or absence of liming, presented averages superior to the natural phosphate of Arraias (NPA) and the control

Summary

Introduction

Managing the application of phosphate fertilizers and determining the availability of phosphorus (P) in the soil requires technical knowledge and attention from professionals in the agricultural sector. Field and laboratory studies aiming at increasing the efficiency of phosphate rocks indicate that acidic soil conditions, associated with low levels of labile P and exchangeable in the solution Ca, favor the release of P contained in these rocks. This is because the acidity condition provides protons for the solubilization of these sources and because they are more suitable for perennial crops, they remain in contact with the soil for a long time, allowing solubilization and utilization by the cultures (Akintokun, Adetunji, & Akintokun, 2003; Hammond, Chien, & Easterwood, 1986; Novais & Mello, 2007)

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