Abstract
PurposeTo understand which environmental factors influence the distribution and ecological functions of bacteria in agricultural soil.MethodA broad range of farmland soils was sampled from 206 locations in Jilin province, China. We used 16S rRNA gene-based Illumina HiSeq sequencing to estimated soil bacterial community structure and functions.ResultThe dominant taxa in terms of abundance were found to be, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Chloroflexi, and Proteobacteria. Bacterial communities were dominantly affected by soil pH, whereas soil organic carbon did not have a significant influence on bacterial communities. Soil pH was significantly positively correlated with bacterial operational taxonomic unit abundance and soil bacterial α-diversity (P<0.05) spatially rather than with soil nutrients. Bacterial functions were estimated using FAPROTAX, and the relative abundance of anaerobic and aerobic chemoheterotrophs, and nitrifying bacteria was 27.66%, 26.14%, and 6.87%, respectively, of the total bacterial community. Generally, the results indicate that soil pH is more important than nutrients in shaping bacterial communities in agricultural soils, including their ecological functions and biogeographic distribution.
Highlights
With recent developments in high-throughput sequencing technology, research in soil microbiology has been able to well understand the important interface between environment and life sciences (Liu et al 2014)
We found a negative correlation between soil nutrient content and soil microbial community composition (Fig. 2)
Soil soil organic C (SOC) was significantly negatively correlated with number of bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) (r = − 0.15, P < 0.05)
Summary
With recent developments in high-throughput sequencing technology, research in soil microbiology has been able to well understand the important interface between environment and life sciences (Liu et al 2014). The massive levels of soil microbial diversity are considered to drive element cycling (Delgado-Baquerizo et al 2017a; Delgado-Baquerizo et al 2017b), which exchanges material and energy and links the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere Soil microbes are important decomposers and have multiple ecological and environmental functions (Nelson et al 2016; Delgado-Baquerizo et al 2017a; Bahram et al 2018; Dai et al 2018; Louca et al 2018) They directly participate in processes involved in plant nutrient acquisition and soil nutrient cycling, such as the decomposition and accumulation of organic matter in the soil and nitrogen transformation, including biological nitrogen fixation, which are closely related to microbial activity. Owing to factors such as soil heterogeneity, resource diversity, and niche differentiation, soil microbial community composition and functions can be different in different habitats
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