Abstract
Soil is commonly composed of particles of different sizes, and soil particle size may greatly affect the growth of plants because it affects soil physical and chemical properties. However, no study has tested the effects of soil particle heterogeneity on the growth of clonal plants. We conducted a greenhouse experiment in which individual ramets of the wetland plant Bolboschoenus planiculmis were grown in three homogeneous soil treatments with uniformly sized quartz particles (small: 0.75 mm, medium: 1.5 mm, or large: 3 mm), one homogeneous treatment with an even mixture of large and medium particles, and two heterogeneous treatments consisting of 16 or 4 patches of large and medium particles. Biomass, ramet number, rhizome length and spacer length were significantly greater in the treatment with only medium particles than in the one with only large particles. Biomass, ramet number, rhizome length and tuber number in the patchy treatments were greater in patches of medium than of large particles; this difference was more pronounced when patches were small than when they were large. Soil particle size and soil particle heterogeneity can greatly affect the growth of clonal plants. Thus, studies to test the effects of soil heterogeneity on clonal plants should distinguish the effects of nutrient heterogeneity from those of particle heterogeneity.
Highlights
Spatial heterogeneity is an important feature of natural habitats [1,2,3,4,5], and plays major roles in shaping plant growth, species interactions, community structure and ecosystem functioning [6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]
Many studies have addressed how spatial heterogeneity in essential resources such as light, soil water and mineral nutrients affects the growth of clonal plants, and these studies generally show that clonal plants can respond to heterogeneity in ways that increase their performance and likely fitness [7,19,20,25,26,27,28,29]
Effects of Soil Particle Size at the Whole Plant Level In the homogeneous treatments, biomass, number of ramets, rhizome length and spacer length of B. planiculmis were significantly greater in the Medium than in the Large treatment, but they did not differ between the Small and Medium treatments
Summary
Spatial heterogeneity is an important feature of natural habitats [1,2,3,4,5], and plays major roles in shaping plant growth, species interactions, community structure and ecosystem functioning [6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]. Many studies have addressed how spatial heterogeneity in essential resources such as light, soil water and mineral nutrients affects the growth of clonal plants, and these studies generally show that clonal plants can respond to heterogeneity in ways that increase their performance and likely fitness [7,19,20,25,26,27,28,29]. Studies testing the effects of soil nutrient heterogeneity on the performance of clonal plants sometimes compare the growth in substrate with patches of fertile and infertile soil to the growth in a homogeneous mixture of the same amounts of fertile and infertile soil [6,20,21,39,40,41,42,43,44]. No published study appears to have tested the effects of soil particle heterogeneity on the growth of clonal plants
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