Soil organic matter and nutrient accumulation in areas under intensive management and swine manure application

Abstract

Land use change and soil management are frequently associated to land degradation and soil organic matter (SOM) losses in tropical regions. In Brazil, in order to avoid this process, different management strategies have been applied, such as no-tillage and agricultural disposal of swine manure (SM). This study was carried out to evaluate the quantity and quality of SOM, as well as the occurrence of nutrient accumulation in soils of areas under contrasting management systems that have received consecutive applications of SM over the last decades in Brazil. Five land uses were sampled: native vegetation (NV), pasture with SM application (PA + SM), no-tillage with SM application (NT + SM), no-tillage (NT), and conventional tillage with SM application (CT + SM). Soil organic carbon (SOC), N, labile C, C management index (CMI), P, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Al3+, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, and H + Al were quantified. Except for PA + SM, the agricultural land uses caused decreases in SOC contents comparing to NV. PA + SM showed the highest C stocks, 138.9 ± 3.4 Mg ha−1 down to 0.4 m. The application of SM can be associated to the greater C stocks in PA + SM, NT + SM, and CT + SM and to the higher N contents in all land uses under this practice. Land uses which receive higher rates of swine manure application (PA + SM and CT + SM) have shown CMI greater than 100. However, this practice is associated to the accumulation of P, Cu, Na, and Zn in these soils. The SM application is associated to improvement on C stocks and SOM quality in area under pasture, no-tillage, and conventional tillage in Parana State, Brazil. However, this practice is the main driver of nutrient accumulation in these areas.