Soil organic matter and its lignin component in surface horizons of salt-affected soils of the Argentinian Pampa

Abstract

Salt-affected soils differ in their chemical properties to all other soils. Sodicity and salinity may affect the soil organic matter component of these soils. In a field experiment, we investigated organic matter decomposition in nonsaline nonsodic Aquic Argiudoll, a nonsaline sodic Typic Natraquoll, nonsaline nonsodic Petrocalcic Paleudoll and a saline sodic Typic Natralboll in the Pampa Deprimida, Argentina. The objectives were to identify the degree of stabilization of organic matter by association with mineral particles in these soils and to follow in particular the fate of lignin in these soils. We measured organic carbon, total nitrogen and the extent of lignin alteration with soil depth and in various particle size fractions. The salt-affected soils contained much less organic carbon and nitrogen in their mollic epipedons than the nonsaline nonsodic soils, and bioturbation into deeper layers was restrained. In the salt-affected soils most of the organic matter was in sand-sized particles. Retarded degradation of plant residues was indicated by the pattern of lignin-derived phenols, suggesting less alteration of lignin in the salt-affected soils than in the nonsaline nonsodic soils. We suggest that this results from the effects of high pH, high sodicity, and high salinity on the microorganisms and their enzymatic activities. The high pH and high concentrations of monovalent cations decreased formation of solid organo-mineral complexes. We conclude that in the salt-affected soils oxidatively altered organic compounds are susceptible to losses in dissolved or colloidal forms, because these compounds are not stabilized against leaching and mineralization by chemical bonding to soil minerals.