Abstract
Soil moisture is an important aspect of heat transfer process and energy exchange between land-atmosphere systems, and it is a key link to the surface and groundwater circulation and land carbon cycles. In this study, according to the characteristics of the study area, an advanced integral equation model was used for numerical simulation analysis to establish a database of surface microwave scattering characteristics under sparse vegetation cover. Thus, a soil moisture retrieval model suitable for arid area was constructed. The results were as follows: (1) The response of the backscattering coefficient to soil moisture and associated surface roughness is significantly and logarithmically correlated under different incidence angles and polarization modes, and, a database of microwave scattering characteristics of arid soil surface under sparse vegetation cover was established. (2) According to the Sentinel-1 radar system parameters, a model for retrieving spatial distribution information of soil moisture was constructed; the soil moisture content information was extracted, and the results were consistent with the spatial distribution characteristics of soil moisture in the same period in the research area. (3) For the 0–10 cm surface soil moisture, the correlation coefficient between the simulated value and the measured value reached 0.8488, which means that the developed retrieval model has applicability to derive surface soil moisture in the oasis region of arid regions. This study can provide method for real-time and large-scale detection of soil moisture content in arid areas.
Highlights
In the Earth system, surface soil moisture is an important factor in the process of energy exchange between the land and atmosphere and has a strong control effect on land surface evapotranspiration, water transport, and the carbon cycle [1,2]
The reference incidence angle is set as the centre incidence angle of the Sentinel-1 data, which is approximately 39◦
The reference incidence angle is set as the centre incidence angle of the Sentinel-1 data, which is approximately 39°
Summary
In the Earth system, surface soil moisture is an important factor in the process of energy exchange between the land and atmosphere and has a strong control effect on land surface evapotranspiration, water transport, and the carbon cycle [1,2]. Studies have shown that optical remote sensing is susceptible to cloud and other weather conditions and have weak penetrability, while passive microwaves remote sensing have low resolution and long revisit period, which active microwave can make up for the shortcomings of other methods in soil moisture monitoring to improve the reliability and accuracy of soil moisture inversion [12]. This process could provide promising approaches for large-area, real-time soil moisture monitoring. Integrated Equation Model (AIEM) model to simulate the surface scattering characteristics, to establish the bare surface, and to determine the soil moisture inversion algorithm and inversion of the spatial distribution of soil moisture in the study area
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