Abstract
ABSTRACT EXPERIMENTAL field measurements of microwave forward-scattering near grazing incidence were used to estimate surface soil moisture. Reflection of vertically polarized waves decreased with increased soil moisture content for angles of incidence nearer grazing than the Brewster angle. Reflection also decreased with increasing surface roughness. A simple mathematical model was developed to estimate gravimetric water content as a function of roughness and reflection from a relatively smooth surface. Experimental data was consistent and repeatable, even for relatively rough surfaces. Measurement area, estimated from footprint size, was approximately 12 m by 12 m.
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