Abstract
Success in introducing Rhizobium japonicum strains into soil is related to their interaction with native microorganisms including some that are antagonistic. Actinomycetes, bacteria, fungi and rhizobiophages antagonistic towards strains of R. japonicum were counted directly using soil samples from field plots under different crop and soil management systems. The antagonistic actinomycete population varied from 1.3 × 10 3 to 4.5 × 10 5 g −1 dry soil and ranged up to 90% of total actinomycetes. Soybean rhizosphere soil samples included antagonistic actinomycetes ranging up to 70% of total actinomycetes. The antagonistic bacterial population was less than 10% of total bacteria and the proportion did not vary significantly with crop or soil management practices. Antagonistic fungi were observed for many of the soils examined but they could not be counted. There were few rhizobiophages and they were found most frequently in soybean rhizospheres. Occasional bacterial and actinomycete colonies that stimulated growth of R. japonicum were randomly observed among the soil samples tested.
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