Abstract
Microorganisms are sensitive indicators of edaphic environmental variation. The Illumina MiSeq sequencing technology was used to analyze soil bacterial community diversity around an aging oil sludge in the Yellow River Delta. The alpha diversity index of soil bacterial community results (Ace, Chao, Shannon, and Simpson) determined that bacterial community diversity sampling within the scope of a 20 cm radius from the center of an aging oil sludge spot showed the most abundant diversity. The level of diversity distributed symmetrically with radial direction from the center of the aging oil sludge spot. Over the distance of 100 m from the center, bacterial community diversity tends to be monotonous, with small differences especially in the horizontal direction underground. The alpha-diversity indicators also showed that the bacterial diversity of samples were close under the aging oil sludge. In addition, the aging oil sludge inhibited the growth of bacteria compared with the referenced unpolluted soil sample and also increased the diversities of soil bacteria. At the phylum level, the Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Actinobacteria existing in the aging oil sludge-contaminated wetland soil constituted a larger proportion of the community, while the proportion of Firmicute was relatively less. On the contrary, Firmicute showed the highest content of 63.8% in the referenced soil. Under the genus level and family level, the corresponding strains that resisted the aging oil sludge were selected. According to the bacterial diversity analysis, the basic structure of the bacterial community which could be used for remediation of aging oil sludge-contaminated soil was also developed.
Highlights
Microorganisms play an important role in the soil environment
The results of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) demonstrated that petroleum hydrocarbons were detected in the soil which was closest to the aging oil sludge
The research results showed that the aging oil sludge could significantly affect the growth of soil bacteria and inhibit the growth of bacteria
Summary
Microorganisms play an important role in the soil environment. The variation of the microbial populations often indicates the change of the soil environment. The stability of microbial diversity represents the status of a microbial community, which could be used to predict the transformation trend of the environmental quality and soil nutrient conditions. Soil microorganisms occupy an important position in the cycle of the biological geochemical system. It plays an important role in soil self-purification, toxic compound transition, and transformation of the soil environment. Soil microorganisms are far more sensitive to contaminants than soil animals and plants [4], which is an indicator of the changes in the physical and chemical properties of the soil and environmental quality
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