Abstract
The aims of the study were (1) to recognize the structure of bacteria diversity in Technosols developed from mine spoils containing iron (Fe) sulphides with the use of culture-independent technique, and (2) to determine microbial metabolic activities, in the context of their potential to be an adequate indicators of soil properties being the consequence of land reclamation. The study site was located in the vicinity of the abandoned Fe sulphide and uranium mine in Rudki village (Holy Cross Mts., Poland). Three soil profiles with different chemical properties (pH, content of carbonates, soil salinity, content of total organic carbon and total nitrogen) were studied. Biodiversity was determined with the use of meta-barcoding of 16S rRNA community profiling analysis based on the hypervariable V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA gene (MiSeq, Illumina). The catabolic fingerprinting of soil microbial communities was evaluated with the use of Biolog®EcoPlates™ System. It was evidenced that changes in microbial structure and their metabolic activity were the consequence of a combined effect of both the soil depth and soil chemical properties being the final result of reclamation process. Consequently, microbial indicators (from phyla to genera level) indirectly testifying about success or ineffectiveness of reclamation in technogenic soils were recommended. To our best knowledge, the present study is the first insight into Polish Technosols biodiversity and catabolic activity.
Highlights
Technosols are soils strongly influenced by human activity or made by human [1]
We proved that preferences forbiodiversity particular carbon sources using utilization by the independent technique to which we added a picture of their metabolic activity using the community soil bacterial communities depended on (1) the soil chemical properties being an effect of reclamation level profiling (CLPP) technique
The combination of two techniques: Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) and Community Level Physiological Profiling (CLPP) resulted in comprehensive recognition of bacterial biodiversity and their catabolic activity in three Technosols developed from mine wastes containing Fe sulphides in Poland
Summary
Technosols are soils strongly influenced by human activity or made by human [1]. They develop e.g., on mine waste disposal sites in mining areas. Technosols containing Fe sulphides are reclaimed in order to neutralize the unfavourable strong acidity and restore their biological activity. It is known, that low pH limits microbial activity and biodiversity [6,7,8,9], as majority of soil microorganisms prefer soil reaction close to neutral (pH ~ 7). A few autochthonic acidophilic bacteria are able to live in strongly acidic environment
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