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Abstract
Extensive pastures are commonly converted to sugarcane areas in Brazil. In soils cultivated with sugarcane, tillage and fertilization are management practices commonly carried out. Soil management practices alter the physical and chemical properties increasing or decreasing metal availability. The purpose of this study was to quantify soil metal concentrations during pasture-to-sugarcane conversion correlating these changes with physical and chemical properties. The results showed that the concentration of metals in soil samples occurred according to the following order Fe > Mn > Cr > Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd. Significant increases in soil metal concentrations due the sugarcane cultivation were observed to Cd and Cu. The soil physical and chemical properties presented correlations with soil metal concentrations. There was a strong relationship on inorganic fertilization to change in soil metal concentrations. The principal component analysis (PCA) explained 55.4% of the total data variance, separating factors in two groups that pointed to an influence of fertilization on metal grouping. Inorganic fertilizer application may input 1.06 g·ha–1·year–1 Cd. The Cd concentration ranged from 0.15 to 1.07 mg·kg–1, representing addictions of 9.54 mg·ha–1·year–1 Cd in soil. The metal concentrations observed after five years of pasture-to-sugarcane conversion did not represent environmental risks since the concentrations remained below the Brazilian official determinations.
Highlights
Soil contamination with metals is a serious issue that occurs in both naturals, urban and agricultural environments (Huang et al 2020)
Significant increases in soil metal concentrations due the sugarcane cultivation were observed to Cd and Cu
There was a strong relationship on inorganic fertilization to change in soil metal concentrations
Summary
Soil contamination with metals is a serious issue that occurs in both naturals, urban and agricultural environments (Huang et al 2020). The adsorption, complexation, precipitation and bioavailability of metals in soil are influenced by several parameters. It is known that some potentially toxic metals are essential micronutrients and constituent of molecules, which perform essential functions in plants, being the toxic effect depending of the concentration and phytoavailability (Appenroth 2010). Soil contamination depends preliminarily on the metal reaching the soil and accumulating in hazardous concentrations. There are several anthropogenic metal sources including mining, smelting, waste disposal, urban effluent, fuel residues, vehicle exhausts, sewage sludge, pesticides, liming and organic and inorganic fertilizer application
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