Abstract
Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) has been widely used for shallow subsurface exploration in recent decades. The Ensemble Smoother with Multiple Data Assimilation (ES-MDA) was proposed and has been proved as one of the most efficient algorithms for data assimilation in variational fields. In this paper, ES-MDA is first applied as the assimilation scheme to inversely model the soil hydraulic parameters by using GPR data as the observation. In a synthetic example presented, Hydrus-1D is applied to generate the water content data and later converted into GPR data as observations based on the petrophysical relationship. Several synthetic experiments are performed to evaluate the related factors and test the performance of GPR data assimilation via ES-MDA. The results show that the novel approach can accurately estimate soil hydraulic parameters and effectively characterize the water content distribution.
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