Abstract
The time of Sartan glaciation in the Baikal–Yenisei Siberia, is comparable with that of MIS 2 and the deglaciation phase MIS 1. Loess loams, aeolian–colluvial sands and sandy loams represent subaerial sediments. There are four subhorizons (sr1, sr2, sr3 and sr4) in the Sartan horizon (sr). Sedimentary and soil-forming processes at different stratigraphic levels are considered. Differing soil formation types of cold periods are distinguished. Soils of the interstadial type with the A-C profile are represented only in the Early Sartan section of this paper. The soils of the pleniglacial type are discussed throughout the section. Their initial profile is O-C, TJ-C and W-C. Plant detritus remnants or poor thin humus horizons are preserved in places from the upper horizons. We propose for the first time for the interphasial soil formation type of cold stages to be distinguished. This is represented in the sections by the preserved BCm, BCg, Cm and Cg horizons of 15–20 cm thick. The upper horizons are absent in most sections. According to the surviving fragments, these were organogenous (O, TJ and T) and organomineral (AO and W) horizons. The sedimentation and soil formation features are considered from the perspective reconstruction of the Sartan natural and climatic conditions. Buried Sartan soils often contain cultural layers. Soil formation shows a well-defined periodicity of natural condition stabilization, which allowed ancient populations to adapt actively to various situations. Archaeologists’ interest in fossil soils is based on the ability of soils to “record” information about the natural and climatic conditions of human habitation.
Highlights
The Baikal–Yenisei Siberia, is a territory located between Lake Baikal in the east and the Yenisei River valley in the west, located at 52◦ –56◦ N and 93◦ –109◦ E
It should be noted that in general, many liquid scintillation counting (LSC) dates are relatively consistent with the AMS data, especially with the Geological Institute RAS (GIN) index, so they can be considered relatively accurate
The results of the analysis of radiocarbon dates for the geoarchaeological sites of the Baikal–Yenisei Siberia (Table 1), allow us to determine a chronological framework for the Early Sartan as a whole from 27,690 ± 250 to 22,160 ± 220 μ HPD cal BP; for the Middle Sartan—from 19,220 ± 270 to 16,860 ± 290 μ HPD cal BP; for the Late Sartan—from
Summary
The Baikal–Yenisei Siberia, is a territory located between Lake Baikal in the east and the Yenisei River valley in the west, located at 52◦ –56◦ N and 93◦ –109◦ E. The southern border runs along the foot of the Eastern Sayan Mountains (Figure 1). The Baikal–Yenisei Siberia, belongs to the extra glacial zone in the geographical framework under study. During the cold stages of the Pleistocene, glaciers existed only in the mountains and did not descend further than their foothills. The cold stage preceding the Holocene, within the regional (Siberian) climatic–stratigraphic scale, is regarded as the Sartan (sr) glacier, the stratigraphic analogs of which are the final stages of the last glacials The Sartan glaciation covers the chronological interval of ~24–10.3 14 C ka BP or
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