Abstract
Soil fertility is the key to food security and a sustainable livelihood. Soil fertility depletion has become a significant challenge for crop production in Nepal. The main causes of low soil fertility are soil erosion, soil acidity, and organic matter depletion. This chapter discusses an overview of the climate and topography, inherent factors determining soil fertility, historical perspective on soil fertility management, status, constraints, and policy recommendations for improved soil fertility management in Nepal. The authors demonstrate research gaps in soil fertility-related issues, such as fertilizer use efficiency, recycling of residual nutrients, secondary and micronutrient availability and management, and the policy gap in the successful implementation of soil fertility management programs. More research on region-specific soil fertility issues and the formulation of agriculture policies addressing marginal farmers’ needs will help sustain crop production and improve food security in Nepal.
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