Abstract
Greenhouse gases emitted from agricultural soils entering the atmosphere must be reduced to decrease negative impacts on the environment. As soil management can have an influence on greenhouse gas emissions, we investigated the effects of different soil management systems and enhancer materials on CO2 and N2O fluxes in a vineyard. Five treatments were investigated: (i) no-till management with no fertilizer addition as the control (C); (ii) tilled soil (shallow) with no fertilizer (T); (iii) tilled soil, no fertilizer, and biochar application (T + BC); (iv) tilled soil and manure addition (T + M); and (v) tilled soil, manure, and biochar application (T + M + BC). T treatment showed the highest overall N2O emission, while the lowest was observed in the case of T + M + BC, while manure and biochar addition decreased. Tillage in general increased overall CO2 emissions in all treatments (T 26.7% and T + BC 30.0% higher CO2 than C), while manure addition resulted in reduced soil respiration values (T + M 23.0% and T + M + BC 24.8% lower CO2 than T). There were no strong correlations between temperatures or soil water contents and N2O emissions, while in terms of CO2 emissions, weak to moderately strong connections were observed with environmental drivers.
Highlights
Anthropogenic activities have substantial impacts on soil systems from the local to global scale
We found a decrease in soil N2O emission in biochar amended soils, which is in agreement with other studies [43,44]; an increase can be expected after biochar addition [51,54]
We observed the significant influence of soil tillage on greenhouse gas productions in the present experiment with a substantial greenhouse gases (GHGs) increase compared to no-till management
Summary
Anthropogenic activities have substantial impacts on soil systems from the local to global scale. Storing a vast amount of carbon on different time scales, soils play a crucial role in regulating atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Any disturbance (e.g., human activity) altering this storage capacity can have a huge effect on climate change, especially considering the feedbacks present in the earth system. Along with increased human activities and changing climatic conditions, it is predicted that longer droughts and extensive rainfalls will occur more frequently in temperate regions [3], accelerating the effects of human activities on agricultural soil systems. The agricultural management systems utilizing different soil amendments should be carefully studied to assess any negative effects that might arise from short- to long-term agricultural practices
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