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Abstract
Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate changes in the soil chemical properties and the critical environmental limit for phosphorus (CEL-P) in vineyards, in the southern region of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Soil samples were collected at 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, and 20-40 cm soil depths, in vineyards aged 22, 36, and 60 years, and in the area of an adjacent native forest. The following parameters were analyzed: granulometry, pH in water, and exchangeable Al levels, to obtain potential acidity and Al saturation; and available levels of P and K, and exchangeable levels of Ca and Mg, to determine base saturation, cation exchange capacity; and soil organic matter (SOM). In comparison with the forest soil, the vineyard soils showed increased pH values, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, and SOM levels, and base saturation, as well reduced Al saturation, with more accentuated effects in areas with the longest cultivation time. The vineyards show changes in soil chemical properties with time and P levels above the CEL-P, at least in one of the soil layers.
Highlights
Southern Brazil has the largest grapevine area in the whole country, and the states of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and Santa Catarina (SC) are responsible for approximately 68% of the national grape production
For soil pH, V60 showed the highest values in all layers, while native forest area (NF) and V22 showed the lowest values and did not differ from each other, except for the 5–10 cm layer
The soils of southern Brazil are naturally acidic, and most vineyards are sensitive to soils with high levels of acidity
Summary
Southern Brazil has the largest grapevine area in the whole country, and the states of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and Santa Catarina (SC) are responsible for approximately 68% of the national grape production. Thereby, when the use of limestone doses is lower than those recommended, and the incorporation is not homogeneously performed in the soil diagnostic layer, soil pH values do not reach the recommended ones for grapes, which should be higher than 6.0 (Manual..., 2016). It does not increase the calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) contents to adequate levels, reflecting lower base saturation values, highly toxic Al+3 and Al saturation values, which can cause Al toxicity to grapes or cover plants in vineyards
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