Abstract
This study aimed to analyze potential industrial solid waste that can be added to soil-cement blocks. A narrative literature review was conducted in the Scopus academic database, using as the search criteria keywords related to the topic, such as soil-cement, building materials, soil-cement blocks, soil-cement bricks, physical and mechanical properties, solid waste, life cycle analysis, and civil construction. A variety of industrial solid waste that can be incorporated into soil-cement blocks was observed, such as waste rock, sludge from water treatment plants, wood sawdust, polyethylene terephthalate fibers (PET), vegetable fibers from loofah, hemp fibers, rice husks, brachiaria grass, poultry eggshells, sugar cane bagasse, wheat and barley straw, welding slag, foundry sand, waste from quartzite mining, construction, and demolition, mechanical turning, pulp industry grains, and steel mill co-products. Among the investigated wastes, those that improved the physical and mechanical properties of the soil-cement blocks were grains from the cellulose industry, rice husks, Brachiaria grass, steel by-products with granulated soil-cement blocks and blast furnace slag. The waste that produced no satisfactory results was sludge from a water treatment plant, sugarcane bagasse, and vegetable loofah. Through this research, it was possible to verify that the behavior of soil-cement blocks is influenced by several factors in their manufacture, mainly regarding the type and percentage of incorporated waste. However, it is important to be concerned with its application in waste blocks so as not to increase the environmental impacts in the long term.
Highlights
According to Nascimento (2012), the idea of sustainability started in the 1950s and was related to development due to the expanding production and consumption pattern along with the perception of an environmental crisis in the world
Recycling of Water Treatment Plant Waste for Production of SoilCement Bricks Physical-mechanical properties of soil-cement bricks with the addition of the fine fraction from the quartzite mining tailings (State of Minas Gerais – Brazil) Effect of incorporation of grits waste on the densification behavior of soil cement bricks Influence of industrial solid waste addition on properties of soilcement bricks Thermal conductivity of unfired earth bricks reinforced by agricultural wastes with cement and gypsum Sorption characteristics of stabilised soil blocks embedded with waste plastic fibres
The results showed improvement in the mechanical properties with 15% addition of waste in relation to the block without waste; they did not reach the values established by the norm
Summary
According to Nascimento (2012), the idea of sustainability started in the 1950s and was related to development due to the expanding production and consumption pattern along with the perception of an environmental crisis in the world. According to Kadir and Mohajerani (2012), the masonry block is one of the most complete building material components, due to its physical and mechanical properties, in addition to the innovation of incorporating various wastes in its production. The searches were made between November 12 and November 30, 2020, using the keywords: soil-cement, building materials, soil-cement blocks, soil-cement bricks, physical and mechanical properties, solid waste, life cycle analysis, and civil construction. According to Anjum et al (2017), the addition of sludge from wastewater treatment plants directly affects the increase in water absorption in the block, as it is a plastic solid waste Because of that, it affects the cement hydration reactions next to the organic matter present in the sludge and the type of soil used, since the sludge traps large amounts of water; it lacks an adequate amount of water to complete these reactions. Production of soil-cement bricks using sludge as a partial substitute Earth Science Malaysia Anjum et al (2017)
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