Abstract
To better understand the characteristics of soil bacterial diversity in different environments, the Laiwu Qilongwan experimental site was selected as it is of great significance for the study of geochemical cycles. The soil CO2, mineral composition and bacterial community were analyzed by an EGM-4 portable environmental gas detector, an X-ray diffractometer and 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing, and soil bacterial diversity and the relationship between soil bacterial diversity and environmental factors were studied. The results showed that with increasing soil depth, the CO2 content increased, the feldspar and amphibole contents increased, the quartz content decreased, the richness of the soil bacterial community increased, the relative richness of Nitrospirae increased, and Chloroflexi decreased. The dominant bacteria were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria. There were slight differences in soil CO2, mineral composition and dominant bacterial flora at the same depth. Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla of L02. The CO2 was lowest in bare land, and the quartz and K-feldspar contents were the highest. Soil CO2 mainly affected the deep bacterial diversity, while shallow soil bacteria were mainly affected by mineral components (quartz and K-feldspar). At the same depth, amphibole and clay minerals had obvious effects on the bacterial community, while CO2 had obvious effects on subdominant bacteria.
Highlights
The soil sphere is an integral part of the Earth system
Some studies found that soil CO2 concentration showed a two-way gradient trend with depth [47], whereas some studies found that soil
K-feldspar was the main environmental factor influencing the L01 bacterial community distribution, soil CO2 was the main environmental factor influencing the L02 bacterial community distribution, calcite was the main environmental factor influencing the L03 and L04 bacterial community distribution, while amphibole and clay minerals were the main environmental factors influencing the L05 bacterial community distribution; these results indicated that the environmental factors affecting bacterial community distribution under different conditions may be the same
Summary
The soil sphere is an integral part of the Earth system. Soil microorganisms are the most active part of the soil and the main component of the soil decomposition system. Soil microorganisms play an important role in soil formation and development, organic matter decomposition, material transformation, energy transfer, the geochemical cycle and bioremediation [1]. Due to the transitional exploitation of natural resources, biodiversity has been destroyed, and ecosystems have exhibited fluctuations. As a sensitive indicator for stabilizing ecosystems and monitoring soil quality changes, soil microbial diversity plays an important role in evaluating ecosystems and maintaining ecological balance. An increasing number of scholars have focused on the research and protection of soil microbial diversity, the analysis of diversity characteristics and the impact of environmental factors on diversity
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