Abstract
Notoginseng (Panax notoginseng), a valuable herbal medicine, has high death rates in continuous cropping systems. Variation in the soil microbial community is considered the primary cause of notoginseng mortality, although the taxa responsible for crop failure remains unidentified. This study used high-throughput sequencing methods to characterize changes in the microbial community and screen microbial taxa related to the death rate. Fungal diversity significantly decreased in soils cropped with notoginseng for three years. The death rate and the fungal diversity were significantly negatively correlated, suggesting that fungal diversity might be a potential bioindicator of soil health. Positive correlation coefficients revealed that Burkholderiales, Syntrophobacteraceae, Myrmecridium, Phaeosphaeria, Fusarium, and Phoma were better adapted to colonization of diseased plants. The relative abundance of Fusarium oxysporum (R = 0.841, P < 0.05) and Phaeosphaeria rousseliana (R = 0.830, P < 0.05) were positively associated with the death rate. F. oxysporum was a pathogen of notoginseng root-rot that caused seedling death. Negative correlation coefficients indicated that Thermogemmatisporaceae, Actinosynnemataceae, Hydnodontaceae, Herpotrichiellaceae, and Coniosporium might be antagonists of pathogens, and the relative abundance of Coniosporium perforans was negatively correlated with the death rate. Our findings provide a dynamic overview of the microbial community and present a clear scope for screening beneficial microbes and pathogens of notoginseng.
Highlights
Notoginseng (Panax notoginseng) is known for its therapeutic effects and is recognized as a highly valuable ingredient in medicinal products[1,2]
A higher death rate was observed under replanted continuous cropping (RCC) systems after rotation than under continuous cropping (CC) systems (Fig. 1; Supplementary Table S1)
The ratio was significantly higher in the soils of CC2, CC3, RCC2, and RCC3 compared to that of traditional cropping (TC)
Summary
Notoginseng (Panax notoginseng) is known for its therapeutic effects and is recognized as a highly valuable ingredient in medicinal products[1,2]. Microbial diversity and community composition significantly affect agricultural soil productivity, plant growth, and crop quality[6,7]. Variation in the diversity and composition of the microbial community is believed to be related to changes in biotic and abiotic factors, such as cropping systems, plant species, and soil properties[8,9]. Changes in the diversity and composition of soil microorganisms can disrupt ecosystem function, balance, and health; in turn, such phenomena negatively affects soil productivity and leads to plant death[11,12]. Root rot is the primary fungal disease caused by soil-borne pathogens, typically affecting 5–20% (even up to 70% in several reports) of the plants[18,19]. Our results offered better insight into notoginseng death in relation to the rhizosphere microbial community These data provides potentially useful information for soil bioremediation
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