Abstract
Nowadays, microgrid controllers are often embedded in specialized hardware such as PLC and DSP. The hardware-dependency and fit-and-forget design make it difficult and costly for microgrid controllers to evolve and upgrade under frequent changes such as plug-and-play of microgrid components. Furthermore, different distributed energy resources in a microgrid require customized controllers, leading to long development cycles and high operational costs for deploying microgrid services. To tackle the challenges, a software-defined control SDC) architecture for microgrid is devised, which virtualizes traditionally hardware-dependent microgrid control functions as software services decoupled from the underlying hardware infrastructure, fully resolving hardware dependence issues and enabling unprecedentedly low costs. A generic SDC prototype is designed to generate microgrid controllers autonomously in edge computing facilities such as distributed virtual machines. Extensive experiments verify that SDC outperforms traditional hardware-based microgrid control in that it empowers a decoupled cyber-physical microgrid and thus makes microgrid operations unprecedentedly affordable, autonomic, and secure.
Highlights
M ICROGRID is a paradigm shifting solution which enhances electricity resiliency and supports the ever-increasing integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) and energy storage at grid edges [1], [2]
We present a software-defined control (SDC) architecture for microgrid
IMPACT OF AN SDC-ENABLED DER ON MICROGRID In this test case, we demonstrate how the microgrid reacts when an SDC-enabled DER is plugged into the system
Summary
M ICROGRID is a paradigm shifting solution which enhances electricity resiliency and supports the ever-increasing integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) and energy storage at grid edges [1], [2]. The SDC manager abstracts the physical resources of each controller, and creates the corresponding functions within the virtualized infrastructure It ensures that the life cycle of each controller is independent of hardware platforms such as the DERs with standardized interfaces between the controllers and DERs. A software-defined controller can run either on a physical server, or on a virtual machine (VM). VIRTUAL DROOP CONTROLLER The communication process between a DER and a virtual controller can be summarized as follows: 1) the controller establishes communication with the DER using information provided by the SDC manager; 2) at the DER side, measurements such as three phases of the output current and voltage of DER are sampled and transferred to the controller; and 3) control signals such as those used to generate SPWM are sent back to the DER. Similar methodologies can be applied for the derivation of discrete models for other software-defined controls such as PQ and V/f controls
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