Abstract
Smart grid software interconnects multiple Engineering disciplines (power systems, communication, software and hardware technology, instrumentation, big data, etc.). The software architecture is an evolving concept in smart grid systems, in which system architecture development is a challenging process. The architecture has to realize the complex legacy power grid systems and cope with current Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). The distributed generation in a smart grid environment expects the software architecture to be distributed and to enable local control. Smart grid architecture should also be modular, flexible, and adaptable to technology upgrades. In this paper, the authors have made a comprehensive review of architectures for smart grids. An in depth analysis of layered and agent-based architectures based on the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) conceptual model is presented. Also presented is a set of smart grid Reference Architectures dealing with cross domain technology.
Highlights
The Smart Grid combines electricity and IT infrastructure to integrate and interconnect all users in order to efficiently balance demand and supply over an increasingly complex network
Smart Grid Architecture Proposal Based on Data Exchange
The data collection and exchange among consumers, Distributed Energy Resources (DER), distribution, and cloud systems decides the basic structure of smart grid architecture
Summary
The Smart Grid combines electricity and IT infrastructure to integrate and interconnect all users (producers, operators, marketers, consumers, etc.) in order to efficiently balance demand and supply over an increasingly complex network. The smart grid software architecture is visualized as interconnecting sub-systems like Generation, Transmission, Distribution, and Utilization (GTDU). A software reference architecture is a generic architecture for a class of information systems that is used as a foundation for the design of concrete architectures from this class [1]. Smart grid software architecture is characterized as a large scale, multi-disciplinary, Energies 2019, 12, 1183; doi:10.3390/en12061183 www.mdpi.com/journal/energies. Research in smart grids has seen a flurry of proposals and experiments to explore software architecture techniques. Cloud interface with grid sub-systems is another important theme in smart grid research articles. Define the guiding principles to the evolving smart grid software structure. We attempted to group and investigate the research articles based on structure of software architecture for smart grid applications
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