Abstract
A mobile terminal, being an embedded system, is a combination of hardware and software. It needs software to drive the hardware components. Typically, in a mobile terminal, the software part consists of several modules, like the boot loader, the initialization code, the protocol stack, device drivers, a real‐time operating system (RTOS), and a general operating system (OS). Apart from those, audio/video related software, a bluetooth stack and some other application software are also housed in a mobile phone device. Inside a mobile terminal there is commonly an application processor for driving applications and a modem protocol processor for driving protocol processing. As protocol processing requires real‐time processing, an RTOS is used here, whereas in application processor general purpose OS is used. Both the processors have boot software and a mechanism for communication to exchange the data. Long‐Term Evolution (LTE) User equipment (UE) Stack is a key software element of LTE mobile terminal modems.
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