Abstract
A comparative study of the soft x-ray appearance potential spectra of various pure rare-earth metals has been carried out with a specially designed sealed-off analyzer tube. It is shown that for lanthanide elements with even number of 4f-electrons (except Eu) no spectrum is found in a region of accelerating potential from 50 to 1400 V. The most sensitive peaks are M5 (3d5/2) and M4 (3d3/2), which can serve as ’’finger prints’’ to identify the rare-earth metals. The ratio of the M5/M4 peak heights might be classified into three groups, according to their various values. Satellite peaks also exist, although no satisfactory explanation has yet been given. The purity of most samples is checked by a Mattauch–Herzog type mass spectrometer or by the proton-induced x-ray emission (PIXE).
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