Soft Tissue Cephalometric Measurements Among Malaysian Malays and Chinese

Nor Farid Mohd Noor,Melvin Saw Jian Hao,Sanjida Haque,Mohammad Khursheed Alam,Maisarah Abu Talib,Rehana Basri

doi:10.1590/pboci.2020.057

Abstract

Objective: To obtain the standardized values of individuals of Malaysian Malay and Chinese for further relevant research, such as treatment planning and aesthetical considerations. Material and Methods: In this retrospective study, 440 (305 were Malays and 135 were Chinese) standardized lateral cephalometric radiographs of orthodontic patients selected through simple random sampling are profiled using Holdaway’s analysis. The independent t-test was used to assess the disparities in race and gender. The significant level was p<0.05 . Results: Significant differences were found between the Malays and Chinese in their skeletal profile convexity, superior sulcus depth, inferior sulcus to the H line and nose prominence. Between Malay females and males, there are significant differences in superior sulcus depth, soft tissue subnasale to H line, basic upper lip thickness, upper lip thickness and nose prominence. Between Chinese males and females, there were differences in their skeletal profile convexity, upper lip to H line, basic upper lip thickness and upper lip thickness . Conclusion: The findings demonstrated the difference between standardized norms and the unique profiles of Malaysian Malays and Chinese. There are significant gender disparities in the soft tissue cephalometric measurements among Malaysian Malay and Chinese subjects.

Highlights

A lateral cephalometric radiograph (LCR) is a standardized, reproducible radiograph used primarily for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning
We can see the importance of soft tissue analysis towards orthodontic treatment and this fact has been acknowledged by the vast influx of research in this area by several authors who compared the soft tissue cephalometric values of subjects of Korean descent to European American norms [3]
May be specific to an ethnic group and cannot always be applied to other ethnic types”. This has been verified by other researchers who have sought to compare the soft tissue values of different ethnic groups with the established “norms” which are based on profiles of individuals of European American descent evaluating adults of Saudi Arabian descent based on Holdaways analysis [4], Japanese [5], and the Anatolian Turkish ethnic group [6]

Summary

Introduction

A lateral cephalometric radiograph (LCR) is a standardized, reproducible radiograph used primarily for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. We can see the importance of soft tissue analysis towards orthodontic treatment and this fact has been acknowledged by the vast influx of research in this area by several authors who compared the soft tissue cephalometric values of subjects of Korean descent to European American norms [3]. They noted that “orthodontic diagnosis typically includes comparing a patient's cephalometric measurements to standard values. All researchers concur that many of the norms are significantly different from ethnic group to ethnic group, and that these differences play a major role in orthodontic treatment planning

Methods

Discussion

Conclusion