Soft Scale Insects their Biology, Natural Enemies and Control

Abstract

Preface. Photographs and SEM micrographs. Contributors to this Volume. Part 1. THE SOFT SCALE INSECTS. Morphology, Systematics and Phylogeny. Diagnosis (Y. Ben-Dov). The Adult Female (D. Matilde-Ferrero). The Adult Male (J.H. Giliomee). The Immature Stages (M.L. Williams). The Male Test (G.L. Miller, M.L. Williams). Chemistry of the Test Cover (Y. Tamaki). Internal Anatomy of the Adult Female (I. Foldi). Ultrastructure of Integumentary Glands (I. Foldi). Taxonomic Characters - Adult Female (C.J. Hodgson). Taxonomic Characters - Adult Male (J.H. Giliomee). Taxonomic Characters - Nymphs (M.L. Williams, G.S. Hodges). Classification of the Coccidae and Related Coccoid Families (C.J. Hodgson). Intraspecific Variation of Taxonomic Characters (E.M. Danzig). Zoogeographical Considerations and Status of Knowledge of the Family (F. Kozar, Y. Ben-Dov). Phylogeny (D.R. Miller, C.J. Hodgson). Biology. General Life History (S. Marotta). Embryonic Development Oviparity and Viviparity (E. Tremblay). Endosymbionts (E. Tremblay). Morphology and Anatomy of Honeydew Eliminating Organs (C.P. Malumphy). Sooty Moulds (R.K. Mibey). Scale Insect Honeydew as Forage for Honey Production (H. Kunkel). The Pela Wax Scale and Commercial Wax Production (T.K. Qin). Ecology. Effects on Host Plant (J.A. Vranjic). Gall Formation (J.W. Beardsley). Crawler Behaviour and Dispersal (D.J. Greathead). Seasonal History Diapause (S. Marotta, A. Tranfaglia). Relationships with Ants (P.J. Gullan). Encapsulation of Parasitoids (D. Blumberg). Techniques. Collecting and Mounting (Y. Ben-Dov, C.J. Hodgson). Laboratory and Mass Rearing (M. Rose, S. Stauffer). General Index. Index to Coccoidea Taxa, Index to Names of Pathogens, Predatorsand Parasitoids. Index of Names of Plants.