Abstract
The low-energy theorem for emission of soft photons from two nucleons is derived in a three-dimensional relativistic theory. It is shown that if the free nucleon currents are defined in terms of the Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation, the exchange current in the soft-photon limit is exactly determined by the commutator of the nucleon-nucleon interaction with the electric dipole operator. The constraints imposed by this theorem are used to examine the conventional method of calculating the pair-excitation currents.NUCLEAR REACTIONS Low-energy theorem for the exchange current, relativistic effects.
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