Soft Drink Consumption in Young Mexican Adults Is Associated with Higher Total Body Fat Percentage in Men but Not in Women.

Cesar Campos-Ramírez,Liliana Olalde-Mendoza,Jorge Palacios-Delgado,Miriam Aracely Anaya-Loyola,Víctor Ramírez-Amaya

doi:10.3390/foods9121760

Abstract

A high consumption of soft drinks (SDs) has been linked with the development of anthropometric and metabolic alterations. We evaluate the association between SD consumption and some anthropometric and metabolic variables. This study is an observational study, using a sample of 394 university students, of which 158 were men (40.1%) and 238 women (59.9%), between 18 and 30 years. An SD intake questionnaire provided the consumption of different SDs. The participants’ weight, height, and waist and hip circumferences were collected. Metabolic biomarkers were analyzed. The average intake of caloric SDs (CSDs) was 1193.6 ± 1534.8 mL/week and 84.5 ± 115.02 mL/week for non-caloric SDs (NCSDs). Sex differences were found in the amount of SD consumption and these statistical differences were driven by those men subjects with a high total body fat percentage (TBF%). In men, correlations were found between the intake of CSDs and the body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, TBF%, and visceral fat percentage. In woman, a correlation was found with glucose and triglycerides. The prediction model revealed that the intake of CSDs predicts TBF% and low-density lipoprotein only in men. A high amount of CSD consumption in men was associated with a high TBF%, and this may be predictive of future development of metabolic abnormalities.

Highlights

Obesity is characterized by an excessive amount of adipose tissue, which is the main risk factor for the development of metabolic complications [1,2]
We found a mild but significant relation of TG and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) with caloric SDs (CSDs) consumption; the increase in these metabolic measures has been related with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in epidemiologic and genetic studies [57] and with stress in one experimental study [58], which is congruent with recent findings from our group, indicating that woman, and not men, showed a significantly higher perceived stress associated with CSD consumption
Young, Mexican men population, we found a significant relation between the amount/week of CSD consumption and higher anthropometric measures, TBF%

Summary

Introduction

Obesity is characterized by an excessive amount of adipose tissue, which is the main risk factor for the development of metabolic complications [1,2]. The prevalence of obesity has increased significantly worldwide: between 1980 and 2013, overweight and obesity increased from 28.8% to 36.9% in adult men, and from 29.8% to 38.0% in adult women [3]. The same trend is observed in children and adolescents [3]. In 2016, the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT) reported a combined prevalence of overweight and obesity of 69.9% in males and 72.2% in females [4]. One of the main factors for the development of overweight and obesity are a hypercaloric diet, those were refined carbohydrates predominate [5,6]. It has been observed that a high consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are one of the major contributors of energy imbalance

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