Abstract
Bi4Ti3O12 (BTO) powders were synthesized using soft combustion techniques, specifically known as Solution Combustion Synthesis (SCS) and Low-temperature Combustion Synthesis (LCS). XRD results showed that the single phase BTO was obtained following calcinations at 800?C for the sample prepared using SCS; compared to after combustion, for the sample prepared using LCS. The TG/DTA showed a combustion temperature of around 252 - 280?C, which became stable with a single phase BTO at 500?C and above. Sintering was carried out at 1,100?C for 3 h, to determine the microstructures, grain orientation, relative density, dielectric, and ferroelectric properties, of the bulk ceramics. It was found that the bulk ceramics prepared using SCS exhibited elongated-like grains, strong (117)-preferred grain orientation, a relative density of 93.3%, ?r = 320 - 360, tan ? = 0.03 - 0.1, Pr = 6.8 ?C/cm2, and Ec = 20 kV/cm. Meanwhile, the bulk ceramics prepared using LCS showed plate-like grains, strong c-preferred grain orientation, a relative density of 83%, ?r = 143 - 195, tan ? = 0.01 - 0.38, Pr = 5.9 ?C/cm2, and Ec = 30 kV/cm.
Highlights
Ferroelectric materials have been intensively studied as candidates for use in a wide range of new multifunctional applications in piezoelectrics, transducers, and memory devices [1,2]
Bismuth Layer-Structured Ferroelectrics (BLSFs), including SrBi2Ta2O9 and Bi4Ti3O12, consist of a layer structure of (Bi2O2)2+ and a pseudo-perovskite along the c-axis; which is different from a simple perovskite structure
The crystallite size of the powder was about 25 nm. This basis suggests that the combustion technique plays an important role on the single phase formation
Summary
Ferroelectric materials have been intensively studied as candidates for use in a wide range of new multifunctional applications in piezoelectrics, transducers, and memory devices [1,2]. Bi4Ti3O12 (or BTO) is a BLSFs and is known to have a high Curie temperature (675oC), a large remanent polarization (Pr = 5 – 6.5 μC/cm2), a low coercive field (Ec = ~50 kV/cm), and a low processing temperature (750 – 800oC); giving this material a high potential in real applications [3,4,5]. BTO is usually prepared using a conventional solid state reaction at a calcinations temperature above 1000oC. This route has several disadvantages, such as inhomogeneity, non-uniformity of grain morphology, high impurity content, a lack of reproducibility, and a necessity for repeated grinding [6].
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