Abstract
The absorption rate of low-energy, or soft, electromagnetic radiation by spherically symmetric black holes in arbitrary dimensions is shown to be fixed by conservation of energy and large gauge transformations. We interpret this result as the explicit realization of the Hawking-Perry-Strominger Ward identity for large gauge transformations in the background of a non-evaporating black hole. Along the way we rederive and extend previous analytic results regarding the absorption rate for the minimal scalar and the photon.
Highlights
While the exact role of these large gauge charges in the black hole information problem has not been fully understood as of yet, we show that shift symmetries of the above kind constrain the form of low energy black hole absorption
We show that conservation of energy along with large gauge symmetry conservation laws fix the leading low-energy photon absorption rate of spherically symmetric black holes in (p + 2)-dimensions
Beyond the conceptual advance in clarifying the role of large gauge transformations for black hole physics, and in demonstrating that low energy absorption follows from symmetry arguments, our result for absorption of angular momentum electromagnetic waves for general p and general charge Q black holes in asymptotically flat space appears to be a new result in the literature
Summary
With horizon at radius r = rH which is determined by f (rH) = 0. The area of the horizon is given by. Where ωp is the volume of the unit p-sphere and RH is the normalized radius of the sphere, defined from the above by RH2 = rH2 g(rH). The functions f (r) and g(r) are given for the Schwarzschild black hole and Reissner-Nordstrom (RN) black holes in appendix A. The functions g(r) and f (r) have nice properties for our calculation. The former is finite at the horizon of the black hole while the latter is of order O(r − rH) at the horizon. The exact expressions for p + 2 dimensions and more details can be found in appendix A
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